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摘 要 ：根据国内石油实际消耗特点，分析了现阶段我国行业部门的石油消耗结构变化，阐述了原油开采、加工和石油产品在运输和消费终端的损耗情况，以及油气对身体健康的危害。分析了采用三级直接冷凝法A、B 、C三组不同油气混合物的回收效率随温度的变化规律，得出A和C组分油气混合物的三级冷凝负荷特点。分析表明，在冷凝法油气回收设计时，应该根据具体油气混和物的组分特点进行分析设计，而不能遵从同一套设计资料，否则油气回收装置很可能达不到预期的效果。 Discussion Of Oil Evaporation Loss And Its Recovery Of Direct Condensation Cheng Li Junming Li Department of Thermal Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education. Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 Abstract: industrial structures evolution of national oil consumption at present is analyzed, based on the characteristics of its actual usage. Status of oil consumption during the exploiture of crude oil, machining, and transportation, final usage for oil product and the harm of the evaporated oil to body health is described. The recovery technique of direct-condensation is adopted and the recovery efficiencies of three different gas-oil vapor mixtures A, B, C are obtained, according to different cooling temperature and further the cooling loads is specified. It states that the mixture components should be based on for design of direct-condensation system to make it work correctly.